9th Std Science Solution in English | Lesson.21 Nutrition and Health

Lesson 21 Nutrition and Health

Nutrition and Health Book Back Answer

I. Choose the best answer

1. The nutrient required in trace amounts to accomplish various body functions is __________

  1. Carbohydrate
  2. Protein
  3. Vitamin
  4. Fat

Ans: Vitamin

2. The physician who discovered that scurvy can be cured by ingestion of citrus fruits is _________

  1. James Lind
  2. Louis Pasteur
  3. Charles Darwin
  4. Isaac Newton

Ans: James Lind

3. The sprouting of onion and potatoes can be delayed by the process of _________

  1. Freezing
  2. Irradiation
  3. Salting
  4. Canning

Ans: Irradiation

4. Food and Adulteration Act was enacted by Government of India in the year _________

  1. 1964
  2. 1954
  3. 1950
  4. 1963

Ans: 1954

5. An internal factor responsible for spoilage of food is _________

  1. Wax coating
  2. Contaminated utensils
  3. Moisture content in food
  4. Synthetic preservatives

Ans: Moisture content in food

II. Fill in the blanks

1. Deficiency diseases can be prevented by taking ________ diet.

Ans: balanced

2. The process of afecting the natural composition and the quality of food substance is known as ________

Ans: Adulteration

3. Vitamin D is called as _________ vitamin as it can be synthesised by the body from the rays of the sun.

Ans: Sunshine

4. Dehydration is based on the principle of removal of _________

Ans: water / moisture

5. Do not purchase food beyond the date of _________

Ans: expiry

6. AGMARK is used to certify __________ and __________ products in India.

Ans: Agriculture and live stock

III. Mention whether the following statements are true or false. If false, give the correct statements

1. Iron is required for the proper functioning of Thyroid gland.

Ans: False

Correct Ans: For the functioning of thyroid hormone, Iodine is required.

2. Vitamins are required in large quantities for normal functioning of the body.

Ans: False

Correct Ans: Vitamins are viral nutrients, required in minute amounts to perform special functions, for normal functioning of the body.

3. Vitamin C is a water soluble vitamin.

Ans: True

4. Lack of adequate fats in diet may result in low body weight.

Ans: True

5. ISI mark is mandatory to certify agricultural products.

Ans: False

Correct Ans: It is meant to certify industrial products like electrical appliances like switches, wiring cables, water heater etc. Agmark is mandatory to certify Agricultural products.

IV. Match the following

Column A Column B
1. CalciumMuscular fatigue
2. SodiumAnaemia
3. PotassiumOsteoporosis
4. IronGoitre
5. IodineMuscular cramps
Ans : 1 – C, 2 – E, 3 – A, 4 – B, 5 – D

V. Fill in the blanks with suitable answers

VitaminRich SourceDeficiency Diseases
CalciferolLiver eggRickets
Retinol PapayaNight blindness
Ascorbic acidCitrus fruitsScurvy
ThiamineWhole grainsBeri beri

VI. Unscramble the words in the brackets to complete the sentences.

Salting is a process involving addition of Salt (aslt) removes the Moisture (oitmsuer) content in the food (dofo) by the process of osmosis (sosisom) and prevents the growth of bacteria (artcaeib).

VII. Give abbreviations for the following food standards:

1. ISIIndian Standards Institution
2. FPOFruit Process Order
3. AGMARKAgricultural Marking
4. FCIFood Corporation of India
5. FSSAIFood Safety and Standard Authority of India

VIII. Assertion and Reason

Direction: In the following question a statement of a Assertion is given and a corresponding state of a Reason is given just below it. Of the statements given below, mark the correct answer as:

  1. If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
  2. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.
  3. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
  4. If both Assertion and Reason is false.

1. Assertion: Haemoglobin contains iron.
   Reason: Iron deficiency leads to anaemia.

Ans: If both Assertion and Reason are true and the Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.

2. Assertion: AGMARK is a quality control agency.
   Reason: ISI is a symbol of quality.

Ans: If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of Assertion.

IX. Very short answers

1. Differentiate

a) Kwashiorkar from Marasmus

KwashiokarMarasmus
1 Protein deficiency affecting children between 1-5 years.Protein deficiency affecting infants below the age of one year
2. Symptoms: face and feet swelling, belly enlargedWeight loss and body muscle waste severe diarrhea.
3 Children whose diet mainly consists of carbohydrates but poor in protein.Children whose diet is poor in carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

b) Macronutrients from Micronutrients

Macro nutrientsMicro nutrients
1. They are needed in greater concentration.They are needed in slightly lower concentration.
2. Eg. Calcium magnesium, Potassium and phosphorus.Eg. Iron, copper, Zinc and Manganese.

2. Why salt us used as a preservative in food.

  • Addition of salt removes the moisture content in the food by osmosis.
  • It prevents the growth of bacteria and reduces the activity of microbial enzymes.

3. What is an adulterant?

It is the substance when added or subtracted from food, can change the natural composition and quality of food substance.

4. A doctor advises an adolescent girl who is suffering from anaemia to include more of leafy vegetables and dates in her diet. Why so?

  • Anaemia occur due to deficiency of haemoglobin in the blood.
  • Iron is essential for the formation of haemoglobin.
  • Green leafy vegetables & dates are rich in iron. So by taking green leafy vegetables & dates she can solve her (anaemic problem)

5. Name any two naturally occurring toxic substances in food.

  • Prussic acid in seeds of apple
  • Marine toxins (like mercury) in fish food.
  • toxins in toxic mushrooms.

6. What factors are required for the absorption of vitamin D from the food or by the body?

  • Calcium and vitamin D together essential for bone health.
  • Human skin can synthesis vitamin D when exposed to sunlight.
  • When sun rays fall on the skin dehydro-cholesterol is converted into vitamin D. Hence vitamin D is known as sunshine vitamin.

7. Write any one function of the following minerals.

  1. Calcium – constitution of bone
  2. Sodium – maintains acid base
  3. Iron – Important component of haemoglobin
  4. Iodine – formation of thyroid hormone.

8. What are the effects of consuming adulterated food?

  • Consumption of adulterated food may lead to serious health issues like fever, diarrhea, nausea vomiting etc.
  • Immunity is reduced.
  • In serve case even kidney and liver failure colon cancer or even birth defects may occur in the foetus.

9. Explain any two methods of food preservation.

a. Drying (Dehydration)

By sun drying water content can be removed. Eg. cereals, fish

  • Drying – inhibit the growth of micro organism such as bacteria, moulds.
  • Vacuum drying – milk and cheese powder.
  • Hot air drying – grapes dry fruits etc.

b. Smoking

Food like meat and fish are exposed to smoke, and smoking preserves the food.

10. Give one reason for the following statements.

a) Salt is added as preservative in pickles.

To remove moisture To prevent growth of bacteria.

b) We should not eat food items beyond the expiry date.

Because after expiry it gets denatured and sometimes become toxin. It would have got spoilt and could cause food poisoning.

c) Deficiency of calcium in diet leads to poor skeletal growth.

Calcium is important for constitution of bone. So deficiency causes poor skeletal growth.

XI. Detail answer

1. How are vitamins useful to us? Tabulate the sources, deficiency diseases and symptoms of fat soluble vitamins

VitaminsSourcesDeficiency DisordersSymptoms
Vitamin A (Retinol)Carrot, Papaya, Leafy vegetables, fish, liver oil, egg yolk, liver, dairy productsXerophthalmia Nyctalopia (Night blindness)Dryness of cornea Unable to see in the night (dim light) Scaly skin
Vitamin D (Calciferol)Egg, liver, dairy products, fish, synthesized by the skin in sunlightRickets (in children)Bow legs, defective ribs, development of pigeon
Vitamin E (Tocopherol)Whole wheat, meat, vegetable oil, milkSterility in rats, Reproductive abnormalitiesSterility
Vitamin K (Derivative of Quinone)Leafy vegetables, soya beans, milkBlood clotting is preventedExcessive bleeding due to delayed blood clotting

2. Explain the role of food control agencies in India.

 ISI (Indian Standards Institution) known as Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS)Certifies industrial products like electrical appliances like switches, wiring cables, water heater, electric motor, kitchen appliances etc.
AGMARK (Agricultural Marking)Certifies agricultural and livestock products like cereals, essential oils, pulses, honey, butter etc
FPO (Fruit Process Order)Certifies the fruit products like juices, jams, sauce, canned fruits and vegetables, pickles etc.,
Food Safety and Standard Authority of IndiaResponsible for protecting and promoting the public health through regulation and supervision of food safety.

XI. Higher Order Thinking Skills.

1. Look at the picture and answer the question that follows

a) Name the process involved in the given picture.

Pasteurization

b) Which diary food is preserved by this process?

Milk

c) What is the temperature required for the above process?

Sudden cooling after 30 minutes 63oC

2. The doctor advices an adolescent girl who is suffering from anaemia to include more of leafy vegetables and dates in her diet. Why so

Iron deficiency is the most common nutritional deficiency in young women. Insufficient iron can lead to anemia. Leafy greens and dates are rich in iron and other minerals. So the doctor suggests to include more of these in the diet.

3. Sanjana wants to buy jam bottle in a grocery shop. What are the things she should observe on the label before purchasing it.

She must check-Agmark certification on the label to check food safety. She should also look for expiry date to avoid using expired products.

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